![]() With two or more base resistors (R 3 and R 4) instead of one, the inverter becomes a two-input RTL NOR gate (see the figure on the right). Schematic of a one-transistor RTL NOR gate. The role of the collector resistor is to convert the collector current into voltage its resistance is chosen high enough to saturate the transistor and low enough to obtain low output resistance (high fan-out). Its resistance is settled by a compromise: it is chosen low enough to saturate the transistor and high enough to obtain high input resistance. The role of the base resistor is to expand the very small transistor input voltage range (about 0.7 V) to the logical "1" level (about 3.5 V) by converting the input voltage into current. ![]() It consists of a common-emitter stage with a base resistor connected between the base and the input voltage source. ![]() Implementation RTL inverter Ī bipolar transistor switch is the simplest RTL gate ( inverter or NOT gate) implementing logical negation. ![]()
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